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Pedigree
A family tree diagram that shows how a particular genetic trait or disease has been inherited.
Junk DNA
Stretches of DNA that do not code for genes; most of the genome consists of so-called junk DNA which may have regulatory and other functions.
Autosome
A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
Mitosis
The process of nuclear division in cells that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.
Fraternal twin
Siblings born at the same time as the result of fertilization of two ova by two sperm. They share the same genetic relationship to each other as any other siblings.
Amino acid
Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things.
Cancer
Diseases in which abnormal cells divide and grow unchecked.
Haploid
A single set of chromosomes (half the full set of genetic material) present in the egg and sperm cells of animals and in the egg and pollen cells of plants
Embryonic stem (ES) cells
An embryonic cell that can replicate indefinitely, transform into other types of cells, and serve as a continuous source of new cells.
Syndrome
The group or recognizable pattern of symptoms or abnormalities that indicate a particular trait or disease.
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